Soil carbon stabilization along climate and stand productivity gradients in black spruce forests of interior Alaska1

نویسندگان

  • E. S. Kane
  • K. Dutta
چکیده

The amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) in stable, slow-turnover pools is likely to change in response to climate warming because processes mediating soil C balance (net primary production and decomposition) vary with environmental conditions. This is important to consider in boreal forests, which constitute one of the world’s largest stocks of SOC. We investigated changes in soil C stabilization along four replicate gradients of black spruce productivity and soil temperature in interior Alaska to develop empirical relationships between SOC and stand and physiographic features. Total SOC harbored in mineral soil horizons decreased by 4.4 g C·m–2 for every degree-day increase in heat sum within the organic soil across all sites. Furthermore, the proportion of relatively labile light-fraction (density <1.6 g·cm–3) soil organic matter decreased significantly with increased stand productivity and soil temperature. Mean residence times of SOC (as determined by ∆14C) in dense-fraction (>1.6 g·cm–3) mineral soil ranged from 282 to 672 years. The oldest SOC occurred in the coolest sites, which also harbored the most C and had the lowest rates of stand production. These results suggest that temperature sensitivities of organic matter within discrete soil pools, and not just total soil C stocks, need to be examined to project the effects of changing climate and primary production on soil C balance. Résumé : La quantité de carbone organique du sol dans des réservoirs stables à renouvellement lent est susceptible de changer à la suite d’un réchauffement climatique parce que les processus qui influencent l’équilibre en C du sol (production primaire nette et décomposition) varient en fonction des conditions environnementales. Il est important de tenir compte de ce phénomène en forêt boréale où le sol constitue un des plus importants sites d’entreposage de carbone organique au monde. Nous avons étudié les changements de la stabilisation du carbone dans le sol le long de quatre gradients de productivité de l’épinette noire et de température du sol dans le but de mettre au point des relations empiriques entre le carbone organique du sol, les caractéristiques des peuplements et la physiographie du centre de l’Alaska. Le carbone organique total du sol dans les horizons minéraux a diminué de 4,4 g C·m–2 pour chaque augmentation d’un degré-jour du sol organique observée dans l’ensemble des stations. De plus, la proportion de la partie relativement labile et légère (densité <1,6 g·cm–3) de la matière organique du sol a diminué significativement lorsque la productivité du peuplement et la température du sol augmentaient. La période moyenne de séjour du carbone organique du sol (déterminée à l’aide du ∆C14) dans la partie dense (> 1,6 g·cm–3) du sol minéral a varié de 282 à 672 ans. Le plus vieil échantillon de carbone organique du sol a été observé dans les stations les plus froides qui retenaient aussi les plus grandes quantités de C et où le taux de productivité des peuplements était le plus faible. Ces résultats indiquent qu’il est nécessaire d’étudier la sensibilité de la matière organique à la température pour des réservoirs du sol distincts, et non seulement pour les stocks totaux de C du sol, de façon à prédire les effets des changements climatiques et de la production primaire sur l’équilibre en C du sol. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Kane et al. 2129

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تاریخ انتشار 2005